Biology 239, Human Anatomy. Test #2. Spring, 2001.

Instructor: Dr. Patricia L. Mansfield

Directions. Carefully consider each of the 4 or 5 choices. Then, choose the best answer for each of the questions below.

1) White matter includes:
A) a thin outer layer of most of the brain.
B) ganglia.
C) nuclei in the brain.
D) tracts in the spinal cord.

2) The somatic nervous system contains both sensory and motor neurons. The autonomic nervous system contains only autonomic motor neurons.

A) Both statements are true.

B) Both statements are false.

C) The first statement is true; the second is false.

D) The second statement is true; the first is false.

3) Alpha and beta receptors are found in the sympathetic division. They exist on postganglionic neurons and on visceral effectors.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The second statement is true; the first is false.

4) Most nerves are surrounded by three connective tissue coats: _____ surrounds the nerve, _____ surrounds the fascicles, _____ surrounds individual axons.

A) epineurium, endoneurium, perineurium

B) epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

C)perineurium, epineruium, endoneurium

D) perineurium, endoneurium, epineurium

5) Place the following events in the correct order.

1. ACh is released into the synaptic cleft.

2. Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane.

3. A muscle action potential is triggered.

4. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal.

5. ACh binds to integral protein receptors of motor end plate.

A) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3

B) 2, 4, 5, 1, 3

C) 4, 3, 1, 2, 5

D) 1, 2, 4, 3, 5

6) Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

1. trochlear IV 2. optic II 3. oculomotor III 4. trigeminal V 5. abducens VI

A) 1, 2, 4

B) 2, 3, 4, 5

C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

D) 1, 3, 5

7) Sensations may be translated at all of the following levels of the CNS. Perception, however, occurs when sensory impulses reach which region?

A) cerebral cortex

B) thalamus

C) brain stem

D) spinal cord

8) A motor unit in skeletal muscle is activated by a/an _____.

A) parasympathetic motor neuron

B) afferent motor neuron

C) sympathetic motor neuron

D) somatic motor neuron

9) Choose the true statement(s).

A) The biceps femoris is the lateral hamstring muscle.

B) All three hamstring muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity.

C) All three hamstring muscles are innervated by the sciatic nerve.

D) All of the above are true.

10) Deep fascia is a sheet of connective tissue that:

A) is located in the subcutaneous tissue.

B) is composed of areolar connective tissue.

C) is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

D) none of the above.

11) The axon hillock is the part of a neuron that:

A) connects the axon to the neuron cell body.

B) passes nerve impulses to another cell.

C) gives rise to axon collaterals.

D) stores neurotransmitters in vesicles.

12) The roots of which spinal nerves make up the cauda equina?

1. thoracic 2. lumbar 3. sacral 4. coccygeal

A) 1, 2, 3, 4

B) 2, 3, 4

C) 3, 4

D) 4 only

13) The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh _____ the thigh and _____ the leg.

A) adduct, flex

B) extend, flex

C) flex, extend

D) abduct, extend

14) Intercostal muscles and overlying skin are innervated by:

A) nerves from the cervical plexus

B) ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves

C) intercostal nerves

D) either B) or C) is a correct response

15) The close association of sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse (T) tubules is called a:

A) triad.

B) cross bridge.

C) cistern.

D) sarcomere.

16) Dendrites are processes of a neuron that:

A) carry nerve impulses away from the neuron cell body.

B) are usually longer than axons.

C) are usually myelinated.

D) none of the above.

17) The tectum of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations:

A) that control subconscious muscle activities.

B) called substantia nigra.

C) that transmit all sensory and motor information between the upper and lower brain regions.

D) that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli.

18) Which of the following pairs of terms is not correctly matched?

A) trochlear IV; smallest cranial nerve

B) vagus X; arises from both the brain stem and spinal cord

C) trigeminal V; largest cranial nerve

D) glossopharyngeal IX; passes through the jugular foramen

19) Which muscle of the abdominal wall is the deepest?

A) external abdominal oblique

B) latissimus dorsi

C) internal abdominal oblique

D) transversus abdominis

20) A main difference between neurons and neuroglia is:

A) neuroglia are found only in the CNS.

B) neurons are more numerous than neuroglia.

C) mature neurons do not normally divide; neuroglia do.

D) neurons are generally smaller than neuroglia.

21) Injections in the hip region often involve the

A) deltoid muscle

B) rectus femoris muscle.

C) gluteus medius muscle.

D) vastus lateralis muscle.

22) Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?

A) gracilis; obturator nerve

B) quadriceps femoris; sciatic nerve

C) hamstrings; femoral nerve

D) all of the above

23) At a synapse between the axon of one cell and the dendrite of another cell, the axon would always be part of a _____ neuron; the dendrite would always be part of a _____ neuron.

A) somatic, visceral

B) presynaptic, postsynaptic

C) visceral, somatic

D) postsynaptic, presynaptic

24) Autonomic neurons that secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine:

A) include all preganglionic neurons.

B) are called adrenergic.

C) include all postganglionic neurons.

D) all sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

25) T4 spinal nerve exits the vertebral column between _________ vertebral levels.

A) below L5

B) T2 and T3

C) T4 and T5

D) T3 and T4

26) The peripheral nervous system carries _____ motor impulses from the _____ to the _____.

A) afferent, CNS, muscles

B) efferent, CNS, muscles

C) efferent, muscles, CNS

D) afferent, muscles, CNS

27) The arachnoid layer of the meninges lies between two fluids: _____ fluid on its outer surface and _____ fluid on its inner surface.

A) cerebrospinal, interstitial

B) blood, cerebrospinal

C) interstitial, cerebrospinal

D) interstitial, blood

28) Arrange the following components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper order:
1. preganglionic neuron
2. receptor
3. association neurons
4. postganglionic neuron
5. visceral effector
6. autonomic ganglion
7. sensory neuron

A) 2, 1, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5
B) 2, 7, 3, 1, 6, 4, 5
C) 7, 2, 1, 3, 4, 6, 5
D) 1, 2, 7, 3, 6, 5, 4

29) The popliteal fossa is bordered by which of the following muscles?
1. biceps femoris
2. semimembranosus
3. adductor magnus
4. gastrocnemius
5. semitendinosus

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 4, 5
C) 2, 4, 5
D) 1, 2, 4, 5

30) A synapse is a junction between: A) two neurons.
B) a neuron and a glandular cell.
C) a neuron and a muscle cell.
D) all of the above.

31) The senses of pain and temperature are conveyed to the brain by: A) spinothalamic tracts.
B) pyramidal tracts.
C) extrapyramidal tracts.
D) posterior column tracts.

32) Which of he following muscles attaches to the ribs or to their costal cartilages?
1. external intercostals
2. internal intercostals
3. serratus anterior
4. pectoralis minor
5. teres major

A) 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 5
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 2, 3, 4

33) A polysynaptic reflex arc involves, in order, the following components:
1. sensory neuron
2. motor neuron
3. receptor
4. one or more association neurons
5. effector

A) 3, 1, 4, 2, 5
B) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
C) 3, 1, 2, 5
D) 3, 2, 5

34) The following muscles all insert on the scapula. Which one is not a rotator cuff muscle?
A) subscapularis
B) rhomboideus major
C) teres minor
D) infraspinatus

35) The conus medullaris is:

A) the junction between the medulla and the spinal cord.

B) the attachment of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord.

C) the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement.

D) the inner portion of the spinal cord, seen in cross section.

36) A preganglionic fiber:

A) is a myelinated axon

B) is an unmyelinated axon

C) terminates in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or a gland

D) both A and C are correct

37) The evertors of the foot belong to the
A) dorsiflexors of the foot.
B) medial group of leg muscles.
C) posterior group of leg muscles.
D) lateral group of leg muscles.

38) The gray matter of the spinal cord:

A) contains neuroglia, neuron cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons and dendrites.

B) is surrounded by white matter.

C) is subdivided into regions called horns.

D) all of the above.

39) In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum:

A) is part of the triad.

B) contains extracellular fluid.

C) is similar to the Golgi apparatus.

D) is part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

40) The "tough mother" or outermost spinal meningeal layer of the CNS is the

A) pia mater.

B) subdural.

C) dura mater.

D) arachnoid.

E) epidural.

41) The _________ enlargement extends from the 9th to the 12th thoracic vertebrae.

A) cervical

B) brachial

C) thoracic

D) lumbar

E) sacral

42) Which cranial nerve exists the cranial cavity through the foramen ovale?

A) I

B) V₃

C) VII

D) IX

43) The cranial nerve responsible for equilibrium is the

A) VIII.

B) XII.

C) I.

D) VI.

44) The tongue is a very complicated area. A patient with atrophy of the intrinsic tongue muscles on the right side of the tongue has sustained damage to the __________ nerve.

A) spinal accessory

B) trigeminal

C) hypoglossal

D) optic

45) Sensory sensations are conveyed by which tract? (think about how they are named)

A) lateral spinothalamic

B) anterior corticospinal

C) posterior cerebralspinal

D) anterior reticulospinal

E) lateral cerebralspinal

46) Where is the preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell body located that supplies (indirectly) the stomach?

A) brain

B) celiac ganglion

C) spinal cord

D) sympathetic chain

47) Where is the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell body located that supplies the heart?

A) cardiac plexus

B) spinal cord

C) brain

D) celiac plexus

Questions 48, 49 and 50 are my treat. Score A on your scantrons.